Che= People- Mapu= of the land: MAPUCHE
The Mapuche are desendants of the
Araucunians.
The Mapuche people are the largest
indigenous a group in Chile.
The Mapuche people constitute about 10%
(1.000.000) of the Chilean population. Half of the Mapuche live in
the southern Chile( Bio-Bio River); the other half live in Chile's
capital—Santiago and about 300.000 live in Argentina.
Geographically the Mapuche call themselves different names.
History of the Araucanians and
Indigenous Resistance
As mentioned the Mapuche
currently make up about 10% of Chilean population this is due to
thier heroic past. The Araucanians “...who stopped the Spanish at
the Bio-Bio River and who defeated and killed Pedro Vladivia at the
time of the conquest”(Becoming Indian in Lowland South America).
Their chief warrior became a Chilean hero. This warrior is remembered
for his resistance to the white men. Due to Chiles colonial history
led to the oppression of the Araucanian people. They were resistant
and this resistance led them to their independence and being able to
spread into the pampas of Argentina.
By the 19th century
settlers were taking the Mapuche land. The loss of their land led the
Mapuche to resist and up rise. In 1869 Chilean army defeated the
Mapuche; their was a massacre of Indians and their villages were
being destroyed. In 1880 they resisted again and defeated in 1882.
Indians were now being targeted for
everything and anything, if accused of anything they could be killed.
th
century the Mapuche were trying to survive and continued to keep
their traditions and cutures alive. By 1939 the Mapuche living
condition kept worsening, but the Mapuche were organizing with other
groups as well. Allende in 1970 also tried to speed the process of
latifundias so that the Mapuche could gain land back. However, after
Pinochets coup took out Allende in 1973 the Mapuche suffered greatly.
Many of the Mapuche were killed by the regime. By 1978 the Mapuhe
once again organized to attempted to stop a law that would allow for
the division of lands again. The Mapuche are people whom fought for
the land that was taken form them. They did not give up against the
white men unfortunately due to economic circumstances that the
Mapuche lost most of their land.
They lost their land in 1882 and by 1886 remaining Mapuche were sent
to poor land. By 1927 Chilean government made a plan of land division
that would be given to the remainder of the Mapuche. By the 20
Current Issues:
Environmental:
- Mapuche land have been poorly used. The environmental has led to Mapuche activism.
Economic:
- the main source of income is through agriculture. Farming, and cattle rising.
- About 3% have moved to urban cities with little education.
No recognition by the Chilean
government. As well as discrimination towards the Mapuche do to anti-terrorism laws created by Pinochet
<---------Anti-terrorism law. Oppression of the last 500years and Mapuche resistance.
.
<----Chilean Mapuche's persevere lingustics through hip-hop.
Language and Culture: Mapudungun
- was first written down by missionaries and orthographic systems so in results the written language and alphabet is different.
- Mapudungun is also known as Araucano, name given my the Spanish.
- 700,000 speakers Other results report approximately 240,000 speakers, with 200,000 in the Central Valley of Chile and 40,000 in several Argentine provinces, where some 150,000 people use the language regularly
Religion:
- spirituality and connection between land, man and nature.
- Neither man nor animal could live without the great spirit
- They are very religious. The “establish a new dimension of what is religious in a syncretism that includes the catholic religion as well as protestant evangelic movements/”CitationsLewis, Davis. Becoming Indian in Lowland South America
