Chile

Chile

Wednesday, April 24, 2013

Che= People, Mapu=of the land= MAPUCHE

Che= People- Mapu= of the land: MAPUCHE
The Mapuche are desendants of the Araucunians.
The Mapuche people are the largest indigenous a group in Chile.
The Mapuche people constitute about 10% (1.000.000) of the Chilean population. Half of the Mapuche live in the southern Chile( Bio-Bio River); the other half live in Chile's capital—Santiago and about 300.000 live in Argentina. Geographically the Mapuche call themselves different names.


History of the Araucanians and Indigenous Resistance

As mentioned the Mapuche currently make up about 10% of Chilean population this is due to thier heroic past. The Araucanians “...who stopped the Spanish at the Bio-Bio River and who defeated and killed Pedro Vladivia at the time of the conquest”(Becoming Indian in Lowland South America). Their chief warrior became a Chilean hero. This warrior is remembered for his resistance to the white men. Due to Chiles colonial history led to the oppression of the Araucanian people. They were resistant and this resistance led them to their independence and being able to spread into the pampas of Argentina.
By the 19th century settlers were taking the Mapuche land. The loss of their land led the Mapuche to resist and up rise. In 1869 Chilean army defeated the Mapuche; their was a massacre of Indians and their villages were being destroyed. In 1880 they resisted again and defeated in 1882.
Indians were now being targeted for everything and anything, if accused of anything they could be killed. th century the Mapuche were trying to survive and continued to keep their traditions and cutures alive. By 1939 the Mapuche living condition kept worsening, but the Mapuche were organizing with other groups as well. Allende in 1970 also tried to speed the process of latifundias so that the Mapuche could gain land back. However, after Pinochets coup took out Allende in 1973 the Mapuche suffered greatly. Many of the Mapuche were killed by the regime. By 1978 the Mapuhe once again organized to attempted to stop a law that would allow for the division of lands again. The Mapuche are people whom fought for the land that was taken form them. They did not give up against the white men unfortunately due to economic circumstances that the Mapuche lost most of their land.
They lost their land in 1882 and by 1886 remaining Mapuche were sent to poor land. By 1927 Chilean government made a plan of land division that would be given to the remainder of the Mapuche. By the 20

Current Issues:

Environmental:
  • Mapuche land have been poorly used. The environmental has led to Mapuche activism.
Economic:
  • the main source of income is through agriculture. Farming, and cattle rising.
  • About 3% have moved to urban cities with little education.
No recognition by the Chilean government. As well as discrimination towards the Mapuche do to anti-terrorism laws created by Pinochet
<---------Anti-terrorism law. Oppression of the last 500years and Mapuche resistance.
 .
<----Chilean Mapuche's  persevere lingustics through hip-hop.
Language and Culture: Mapudungun
    • was first written down by missionaries and orthographic systems so in results the written language and alphabet is different.
    • Mapudungun is also known as Araucano, name given my the Spanish.
    • 700,000 speakers Other results report approximately 240,000 speakers, with 200,000 in the Central Valley of Chile and 40,000 in several Argentine provinces, where some 150,000 people use the language regularly
Religion:

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